Umfundi Wesayensi Yengqondo-Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungudokotela wezengqondo onesifiso noma ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho lwesayensi yezengqondo, ukufunda izincwadi kulo mkhakha kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile kubafundi. Lezi zincwadi zihlanganisa izihloko eziningi, ezihlanganisa i-clinical neurology , i-positive psychology, amathiyori engqondo, kanye nomlando womkhakha. Zinconywa kakhulu ngochwepheshe nabafundi ngokufanayo.
Okubalulekile Okuthathwayo:
- Nweba ukuqonda kwakho i -neurology yomtholampilo ngokuthi “Ukufinyelela Phansi Imbobo Yomvundla” kaDkt. Allan H. Ropper & Brian David Burrell.
- Zitholele imibono yakudala yenjabulo nokuhambisana kwayo nesimanje “I-Happiness Hypothesis” ka-Jonathan Haidt.
- Thola isingeniso esiphelele sesayensi yezengqondo ngokuthi “The Little Book of Psychology” ka-Emily Ralls noCaroline Riggs.
- Hlola ubudlelwano phakathi kwezici ezingokwengqondo nezomzimba zobuchopho bomuntu kokuthi “Indoda Ephuthaze Umfazi Wayo Ukuze Athole Isigqoko” ka-Oliver Sacks.
- Funda mayelana nesayensi yesayikholoji enhle nokungenelela okusebenzayo kwenjabulo ehlala njalo kokuthi “Injabulo Yangempela” ka-Martin EP Seligman.
Ukufinyelela Phansi Emgodini Wonogwaja: Ukuhlola I-Clinical Neurology
Emkhakheni wezincwadi ze -neuroscience , “Reaching Down the Rabbit Hole” kaDkt. Allan H. Ropper & Brian David Burrell igqama njengokuhlola okuthakazelisayo kwezinselele okubhekana nazo ekwelapheni ingqondo lapho ubuchopho bulimele. Ibhalwe ngokombono wodokotela, le ncwadi ithatha abafundi ohambweni lwabo bedlula ebunzimeni bezinkinga zemizwa , enikeza imininingwane ebalulekile emkhakheni wesayensi yezinzwa .
Le ncwadi ihlanganisa izindaba zesiguli ezikhuthazayo ezigqamisa ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kobuchopho nolwazi lomuntu. Ubuchwepheshe bukaDkt. Ropper bukhanya njengoba embula izimfihlakalo zezimo zemizwa, enikeza ukuqonda okujulile komthelela lezi zifo ezinawo kubantu nemindeni yabo.
Ukungena Ezinkingeni Zokuphazamiseka Kwemizwa
Ngokuxoxa indaba yakhe ehehayo, uDkt. Ropper umema abafundi ukuthi bahlole umhlaba othakazelisayo wesayensi yezinzwa yomtholampilo. Ethatha ulwazi lwakhe olukhulu njengodokotela wezinzwa, usikhanyisela ngezinselele iziguli kanye nomphakathi wezokwelapha ababhekana nazo.
Ingoma kaDkt. Ropper ethi “Reaching Down the Rabbit Hole” kufanele ifundwe kunoma ubani onentshisekelo yokuhlolisisa ubunkimbinkimbi bobuchopho bomuntu kanye nokuphazamiseka kwawo. Inikeza umbono oyingqayizivele emkhakheni we-neurology yomtholampilo, ihlinzeka kokubili ochwepheshe nabafundi ngemininingwane ebalulekile engalolonga ukuqonda kwabo kwe-neuroscience.
Isengezo Esibalulekile Esifundweni Se-Clinical Neurology
Kubafundi abaphishekela umsebenzi emkhakheni we-neuroscience noma i-neurology yomtholampilo, “Ukufinyelela Phansi Imbobo Yogwaja” kusebenza njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile. Ukulandisa kwayo okuphoqayo nokuhlaziya okujulile kunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kobunzima obuhilelekile ekuxilongeni nasekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa . Le ncwadi iqinisekile ukuthi izokhuthaza futhi ifundise abafundi ohambweni lwabo lokuba ngodokotela bezinzwa bakusasa.
| Okubalulekile Okuthathwayo kokuthi “Ukufinyelela Phansi Imbobo Yogwaja” | Ithebula |
|---|---|
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|
I-Happiness Hypothesis, kaJonathan Haidt
Ku-“The Happiness Hypothesis,” u-Jonathan Haidt uhlola imibono yakudala yenjabulo nokuhambisana kwayo emhlabeni wanamuhla. Ehlanganisa ifilosofi kanye nokusebenza kwengqondo, u-Haidt uhlolisisa izinkolelo zokuziphatha, inkolo, nokuqonda ukuze anikeze umbono oyingqayizivele wokuzuza injabulo ehlala njalo nokwaneliseka. Le ncwadi inikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kanye nesiqondiso esisebenzayo kubafundi abafuna ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabo.
“I-Happiness Hypothesis” igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqonda nokusebenzisa ukuhlakanipha kwasendulo ekuphishekeleni kwethu injabulo. Ukuhlola kuka-Haidt okushukumisa ingqondo kokuziphatha, ubuhle, nokukhula komuntu siqu kubekela inselele imibono evamile futhi kukhuthaza abafundi ukuba bacabangele ezinye izindlela zokuphila ukuphila okwanelisayo.”
Ngesitayela sokubhala esicacile nesihehayo, u-Haidt wethula imibono eyinkimbinkimbi ngendlela egayekayo, okwenza le ncwadi ifinyeleleke kubafundi abaningi. Esebenzisa ucwaningo lwesayensi yezengqondo neminye imikhakha, uhlinzeka ngamasu asekelwe ebufakazini okwandisa injabulo nokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle jikelele. Ngokuhlola ukuphambana kokuhlakanipha kwasendulo nesayensi yesimanje, uHaidt unikeza umbono omusha ngokuphishekela injabulo.
Iqhaza Le-Positive Psychology
Enye yezindikimba eziyinhloko ku-“The Happiness Hypothesis” inkambu yesayikholoji eqondile. U-Haidt uhlola amandla emizwelo eyakhayo, amandla omlingiswa, nobudlelwano obunenjongo ekuthuthukiseni injabulo nokwaneliseka empilweni. Uqokomisa ukubaluleka kokuhlakulela ukubonga, umusa, nokukhuthazela njengezici eziyisisekelo zenhlalakahle. Ngenhlanganisela yemiphumela yocwaningo kanye nama-anecdotes omuntu siqu, u-Haidt wenza le mibono ibe nempilo futhi ibonise ukusebenza kwayo okungokoqobo.
Sekukonke, “I-Happiness Hypothesis” iwukufunda okukhanyisayo okuphonsela inselelo ukuhlakanipha okuvamile mayelana nenjabulo futhi inikeza umbono omusha ngezihluthulelo zokuphila impilo eyanelisayo. Kuyinsiza ebalulekile yabafundi besayensi yezengqondo nanoma ubani onentshisekelo kwisayensi yempilo-mpilo.
Incwadi Encane Yengqondo: Isingeniso Esibanzi Sezisekelo Zengqondo
Kulabo abaqala uhambo lwabo lokungena ezweni elithakazelisayo lesayensi yezengqondo, i-“The Little Book of Psychology” iyinsiza ebalulekile. Le ncwadi eyisingeniso ebanzi ihlanganisa zonke izisekelo zesayensi yezengqondo, ihlinzeka ngesisekelo esiqinile sokuhlola okwengeziwe kulo mkhakha.
Le ncwadi iqala ngokungena emlandweni we-psychology, ilandelela izimpande zayo kanye nezibalo ezibalulekile ezakha isiyalo. Bese ihlola izinkolelo-mbono nemiqondo eyisisekelo esekela ucwaningo lwesayensi yezokusebenza kwengqondo, njengokuziphatha, ukusayinwa kwengqondo kwengqondo, kanye ne-psychoanalysis.
I-Little Book of Psychology iphinde icubungule emagatsheni ahlukahlukene okusebenza kwengqondo, okuhlanganisa i-psychology ethuthukisayo, i-psychology yezenhlalo, kanye ne-psychology engavamile. Umfundi wethulwa kochwepheshe bezengqondo abadumile kanye nokuhlola kwabo okuyisisekelo, ukuhlinzeka ngezibonelo zomhlaba wangempela ezenza indaba iphile. Incwadi igcwele ama-anecdotes ahehayo nemifanekiso, okwenza imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi ifinyeleleke futhi kujabulise ukuyifunda.
Ithebula: Imiqondo Eyinhloko Ehlanganiswe “Encwadini Encane Yengqondo”
| Umqondo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuziphatha | Igxile ekuziphatheni okuqaphelekayo kanye nezici zemvelo ezikubumbayo. |
| I-Cognitive Psychology | Ihlola izinqubo zengqondo ezifana nokubona, inkumbulo, nokuxazulula izinkinga. |
| I-Psychoanalysis | Indlela yokwelapha ehlose ukwembula izingxabano eziqulekile nezifiso. |
| I-Development Psychology | Ihlola indlela abantu abashintsha ngayo futhi bakhule ngayo ngokomzimba, ngokwengqondo, nangokomzwelo phakathi nesikhathi sabo sokuphila. |
| I-Social Psychology | Iphenya ukuthi imicabango yomuntu, imizwa, nokuziphatha kuthonywa kanjani ukuba khona kwabanye. |
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumfundi wesayensi yezengqondo oqala uhambo lwakho lwezemfundo noma umane nje ufuna ukwazi ngezwe elithakazelisayo lomqondo womuntu, i-“Little Book of Psychology” iwumthombo obalulekile onikeza isingeniso esibanzi sale ndaba. Ihlomisa abafundi ngolwazi olubalulekile namagama adingekayo ukuze bazulazule emkhakheni wezengqondo futhi ibeka isisekelo sokuhlola okwengeziwe.
Indoda Eyaphutha Umfazi Wayo Ngokuthola Isigqoko, ngu-Oliver Sacks
Indoda Eyenze Ngephutha Umfazi Wayo Ngokuthola Isigqoko iqoqo elikhangayo lezifundo eziyizingqinamba ezihlolisisa ubunkimbinkimbi bezinkinga zemizwa. Ibhalwe udokotela ohlinzayo wezinzwa owaziwayo uDkt. Oliver Sacks, le ncwadi inikeza imininingwane eyingqayizivele emkhakheni wezengqondo yasemtholampilo kanye nobudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwengqondo nengqondo.
Ngochungechunge lwezindaba zesiguli ezingokoqobo, uDkt. Sacks uhlola umthelela wezimo zemizwa ekuboneni, enkumbulo, nasekuzaziseni. Indaba eyisibonelo ngayinye yethula iphazili ethakazelisayo, inselele ukuqonda kwethu ubuchopho bomuntu futhi ikhanyisela amandla okuqina nokuvumelana nezimo komoya womuntu.
Ngokuhlola okuhlangenwe nakho kwabantu abanezimo ezinjenge-amnesia, i-agnosia, nesifo sika-Tourette, uDkt. Sacks uqokomisa ukubaluleka kwendlela yokubhekana nempilo yengqondo ephelele. Ugcizelela ukubaluleka kozwela, ububele, nokunakekelwa komuntu ngamunye ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa.
“Ukuphila usuku nosuku akwanele kubantu; sidinga ukudlula, ukuthutha, ukuphunyuka; sidinga incazelo, ukuqonda, kanye nencazelo; sidinga ukubona amaphethini ngaphezu kwakho konke ezimpilweni zethu. Sidinga ithemba , umqondo wekusasa.” Futhi sidinga inkululeko (noma okungenani ukukhohlisa kwenkululeko) ukuze sidlulele ngale kwethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi sisebenzisa izibonakude nezibonakhulu kanye nobuchwepheshe bethu obukhula njalo noma izimo zengqondo ezisivumela ukuba sihambe siye kweminye imihlaba, ukweqa indawo esikuyo.”
| Isihloko Sencwadi | Ababhali | Ukugxila Okubalulekile |
|---|---|---|
| Indoda Ekhohlisa Umfazi Wayo Ngokuthola Isigqoko | Oliver Sacks | Ukuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa kanye nomthelela wazo ekuboneni nasekuzaziseni |
Le ncwadi ehehayo inselele ekuqondeni kwethu ingqondo futhi inikeza ukuqonda okujulile kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu. Ngokulandisa kwayo okuphoqayo kanye nokuhlaziya okushukumisa ingqondo, Indoda Eyaphutha Umfazi Wayo Ngesigqoko iwukufundwa okufanele kufundwe kubafundi besayensi yezengqondo abanentshisekelo yobunkimbinkimbi besayensi yezokusebenza kwengqondo kanye nezimfihlakalo zomqondo womuntu.
Injabulo Yangempela: Ukusebenzisa I-New Positive Psychology ukuze Ubone Amandla Akho Okugcwalisa Okuhlala Njalo, nguMartin EP Seligman
“Injabulo Yangempela” kaMartin EP Seligman iyincwadi ehlonishwa kakhulu ehlola isayensi yengqondo eqondile futhi inikeza isiqondiso esisebenzayo ekuzuzeni ukugcwaliseka okuhlala njalo. Kule ncwadi, u-Seligman wethula umqondo wokungenelela okuhle kwengqondo , okungamasu asekelwe ebufakazini aklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle nenjabulo.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ze “Injabulo Yangempela” ukugcizelela kukaSeligman ekuqondeni nasekuthuthukiseni amandla omlingiswa womuntu. Wethula I-VIA (Values in Action) Ukuhlukaniswa Kwamandla, ekhomba amandla ezinhlamvu ezingama-24 angaboshezelwa ukuze aphile impilo eyanelisa kakhudlwana. Le ncwadi inikezela ngokuzivocavoca namasu okusiza abafundi ukuthi bakhombe amandla abo futhi bawasebenzise ukuze babhekane nezinselele futhi bakhulise inhlalakahle yabo iyonke.
USeligman uphinde ahlole indima yemizwa eyakhayo, ubudlelwano, kanye nencazelo ekuhlakuleleni injabulo yangempela . Unikeza iseluleko esiwusizo sendlela yokuthuthukisa imizwa eyakhayo, ukukhulisa ubuhlobo obunempilo, futhi uthole injongo nenjongo yokuphila. Ngemininingwane esekwe ocwaningweni nezibonelo ezihambisanayo, u-Seligman unikeza abafundi amandla okulawula injabulo yabo futhi baphile izimpilo ezanelisayo.
Ithebula: Ukungenelela Okuhle Kwengqondo
| Ukungenelela | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Gratitude Journaling | Bhala phansi izinto ezintathu obonga ngazo usuku ngalunye ukuze uhlakulele umbono omuhle. |
| Izenzo Zomusa | Yenza izenzo zomusa ezingahleliwe ukuze ukhuphule umoya wakho futhi unikele enhlalakahleni yabanye. |
| Ukunambitha | Zijwayeze ukuba khona kanye nokwazisa ngokugcwele okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle ukuze uthuthukise injabulo nokwaneliseka. |
| Ukusetha Umgomo | Zibekele imigomo ephusile ehambisana namagugu akho futhi usebenzele ukuyifinyelela ngomuzwa wenhloso nokwaneliseka. |
Ngendlela yayo esekelwe ebufakazini kanye namasu asebenzayo, “Injabulo Yangempela” iyinsiza eyigugu yabafundi besayensi yezokusebenza kwengqondo nanoma ubani onentshisekelo yokuhlakulela inhlalakahle nenjabulo yangempela. Ukuqonda nokuqondisa kuka-Seligman kunikeza abafundi amandla okuba basebenzise amandla okungenelela okulungile kwengqondo futhi baphile izimpilo ezanelisayo.
Izincwadi Zengqondo Yezenhlalakahle: Ukuhlola Izimiso Zokuziphatha Nokuziphatha
Isayikholoji yezokuhlalisana ihlolisisa ukusebenza komqondo nokuziphatha komuntu okuyinkimbinkimbi, ikhanyisela izici ezilolonga ukusebenzelana kwethu nabanye. Emkhakheni wezincwadi ze-social psychology , I-Lucifer Effect ka-Philip G. Zimbardo igqama njengokuhlola okushukumisa ingqondo kwezimiso zokuziphatha nokuziphatha .
Ku -The Lucifer Effect , u-Zimbardo uhlola ohlangothini olumnyama lokuziphatha komuntu, ehlola ukuthi abantu ababonakala “belungile” bangenza kanjani izenzo ezimbi. Le ncwadi ihlola amandla obunikazi kanye nezindima ekubumbeni ukuziphatha, inikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngobunkimbinkimbi bemvelo yomuntu. Esebenzisa i-Stanford Prison Experiment yakhe edumile, uZimbardo uhlaziya ukuguquguquka kwesimo okungaholela abantu ekwenzeni izenzo zonya nokungabi nabulungisa. Le ncwadi isebenza njengesikhumbuzo esithinta inhliziyo sokubaluleka kokuqonda imithelela yezenhlalo nengokwengqondo enomthelela ekuziphatheni okungenasimilo.
“I-Lucifer Effect” ka-Philip G. Zimbardo ibheka ohlangothini olumnyama lokuziphatha komuntu, ihlola ukuthi abantu ababonakala “bahle” bangenza kanjani izenzo ezimbi. Ihlola amandla obunikazi kanye nezindima ekubumbeni ukuziphatha futhi ifaneleka kakhulu kubafundi abafunda isayense yezokuhlalisana kwabantu.
Izimiso Zokuziphatha kanye Nokuziphatha Kwenhlalakahle Yengqondo
Ukuhlola izimiso zokuziphatha nokuziphatha kuyindikimba eyinhloko kusayikholoji yezenhlalo. Kusishukumisela ukuba singabaze imingcele yokulungile nokungalungile futhi sihlole izici ezithonya izinqumo zethu zokuziphatha. Ngokutadisha izimiso nemibono ethulwe ku -The Lucifer Effect , abafundi be-psychology bangathola ukuqonda okujulile kobunzima bokuziphatha komuntu kanye nezinkinga zokuziphatha eziphakama ezimweni zomphakathi.
Ngokuqonda kwayo okucabangayo, I-Lucifer Effect isebenza njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile esikhuthaza abafundi ukuba bahlaziye ngokujulile umthelela wezimo zomphakathi, igunya, kanye nesibopho somuntu ngamunye ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zokuziphatha. Le ncwadi inselele imibono evamile yokuhle nokubi, ikhuthaza ukuqonda okujulile kokusebenzelana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokuziphatha komuntu nendawo yomphakathi.
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
- I-Lucifer Effect ka-Philip G. Zimbardo ihlola uhlangothi olumnyama lokuziphatha komuntu kanye nezici ezibangela izenzo ezingenangqondo.
- Le ncwadi igqamisa amandla obunikazi, izindima, kanye nokuguquguquka kwesimo ekubumbeni ukuziphatha.
- Ukufunda izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nokuziphatha kusayikholoji yenhlalo kwenza abafundi bathole ukuqonda okujulile kobunzima bokuziphatha komuntu kanye nokuthatha izinqumo.
- I-Lucifer Effect inselele imibono evamile yokuhle nokubi, ikhuthaza ukuhlaziywa okubucayi kwamathonya omphakathi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo zokuziphatha.
Ithebula: Ukuqhathanisa Imiqondo Eyinhloko ku-“The Lucifer Effect”
| Umqondo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Amandla esimo | Ihlola umthelela wezimo zomphakathi ekuziphatheni komuntu ngamunye, ikakhulukazi ngokuhlobene nezenzo ezingenasimilo. |
| Ubunikazi nezindima | Ihlola ukuthi umuzwa womuntu ngamunye wobunikazi kanye nezindima abazinikeziwe zingaba nomthelela kanjani ekuziphatheni kwabo nasezinqumweni zokuziphatha. |
| Ukuthatha izinqumo ngokuziphatha | Iphenya ngezinto ezinomthelela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo okunesimilo noma okungalungile, kucatshangelwa imithelela yesimo kanye nesibopho somuntu ngamunye. |
| I-psychology yezenhlalo kanye nokuziphatha | Ihlola impambano phakathi kwesayikholoji yezokuhlalisana nokuziphatha, igcizelela ubunkimbinkimbi bokuziphatha komuntu nendawo yomphakathi. |
Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa Zengqondo: Uhlolojikelele Oluphelele
Emkhakheni we-neuropsychology yomtholampilo, ukuqonda ukungasebenzi kahle kobuchopho kubalulekile ekuhlolweni nasekulashweni. Enye insiza ehlonishwa kakhulu yabafundi abafunda le ndawo yincwadi ethi “Neuropsychological Assessment” ka-Muriel Deutsch Lezak, Diane B. Howieson, Erin D. Bigler, kanye noDaniel Tranel.
Le ncwadi ebanzi isebenza “njengebhayibheli” le-neuropsychology yomtholampilo, ihlinzeka ngemininingwane eningiliziwe yezinkinga ze-neurobehavioral ezihlobene nokulimala kobuchopho nokungasebenzi kahle. Ihlanganisa izihloko eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kwengqondo, ulimi nokuxhumana, inkumbulo, ukunaka, nokusebenza kokuphatha.
Le ncwadi iphinde ihlolisise amasu okuhlola, ihlola izivivinyo ezihlukahlukene nezinsimbi ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukusebenza kobuchopho. Inikeza isiqondiso ekuhumusheni imiphumela yokuhlola nokuqonda imithelela yokuxilongwa nokwelashwa.
“I-Neuropsychological Assessment” ihlomisa abafundi ngolwazi namakhono adingekayo ukuze basebenze nabantu abalimele ebuchosheni noma ababonise ukukhubazeka kwengqondo. Kuwumthombo obalulekile ohlanganisa izisekelo zethiyori nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo, okuwenza ube ukufundwa okubalulekile kwabafuna izazi ze-neuropsychologists zasemtholampilo.”
Sekukonke, “Ukuhlolwa Kwezinzwa Zengqondo” kunikeza ukuhlola okuphelele nokujulile kokungasebenzi kahle kobuchopho , okuhlinzeka abafundi besayikholoji ngesisekelo esiqinile ku-neuropsychology yomtholampilo. Ukuqonda kwayo okuningiliziwe kanye nesiqondiso esisebenzayo kuyenza insiza ebalulekile kulabo abathanda ukuqonda nokusebenza nabantu abaye bahlangabezana nezinselele ezihlobene nobuchopho.
Amaphayona Ezengqondo: Ukuhlola Umlando Wezazi Zengqondo Ezinethonya
Ukuqonda umlando we-psychology kubalulekile kubafundi abafuna ulwazi olunzulu lomkhakha. I-“Pioneers of Psychology” kaRaymond E. Fancher no-Alexandra Rutherford inikeza ukubukeka okukhangayo kubantu abalolonge isiyalo. Kusukela kuzazi zefilosofi zakuqala kuya kosongqondongqondo abanethonya bekhulu lama-20, le ncwadi icubungula iminikelo nezingxabano ezichaze ukusebenza kwengqondo.
Omunye wamaphayona aphawulekayo okukhulunywe ngawo kule ncwadi nguSigmund Freud, imibono yakhe ye-psychoanalytic yashintsha ukuqonda kwengqondo yomuntu. Ukuhlola kukaFreud kokuquleka nokugcizelela kwakhe indima yokuhlangenwe nakho kwasebuntwaneni ekubumbeni ubuntu kwabeka isisekelo sokwelashwa kwengqondo yesimanje. Omunye umuntu onethonya oqokonyiswe encwadini u-BF Skinner, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esiziphatha ngendlela eyaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe wokulungisa isimo sokusebenza kanye nomqondo wokuqinisa.
I-“Pioneers of Psychology” inikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ekuziphendukeleni kwesiyalo kanye nomthelela waso emphakathini. Ihlola ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwemvelo nokukhuliswa, ingqondo nokuziphatha, kanye nemibono eyahlukene emise insimu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Le ncwadi iphinde isikhanyisele ngeminikelo yamaphayona angaziwa abe neqhaza elikhulu ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Izibalo ezinjengoMary Whiton Calkins, umongameli wokuqala wesifazane we-American Psychological Association, kanye noKenneth Clark, ucwaningo lwakhe ngemiphumela yengqondo yokuhlukaniswa lwaba nendima ebalulekile ku-Civil Rights Movement, banikezwa ukuqashelwa okubafanele. Lokhu kuhlola okuphelele kochwepheshe bezengqondo abanethonya kusebenza njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sabafundi nochwepheshe ngokufanayo.
Abaqalisi bePsychology
| Igama | Iminikelo |
|---|---|
| Sigmund Freud | I-Revolutionized psychotherapy ngemibono yakhe ye-psychoanalytic |
| I-BF Skinner | Kuthuthukiswe umqondo wesimo esisebenzayo kanye nokubaluleka kokuqiniswa |
| UMary Whiton Calkins | Umongameli wokuqala wesifazane we-American Psychological Association |
| Kenneth Clark | Usungule ucwaningo ngemiphumela yengqondo yokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwe-Civil Rights Movement |
Njengoba i-psychology iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, kubalulekile ukuqaphela nokwazisa iminikelo yalabo ababeka isisekelo salo mkhakha. I-“Pioneers of Psychology” inikeza ukuhlola okuphelele kwezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezinethonya , okuvumela abafundi ukuba bathole ukuqonda okujulile komlando nokuthuthukiswa kwalesi siyalo esithakazelisayo.
Ungacabanga Kanjani Ngokuqondile NgePsychology
“Indlela Yokucabanga Ngokuqondile NgePsychology” iyincwadi enconywa kakhulu yabafundi besayensi yezengqondo, egxile ekucabangeni okujulile nezindlela zocwaningo . Ibhalwe ngu-Keith E. Stanovich, le ncwadi inikeza isiqondiso esibalulekile ekwenzeni izivivinyo ezinobulungiswa nezinjongo, ukuhlaziya okutholwe ocwaningweni, nokuhlonza isayensi-mbumbulu kulo mkhakha. Igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthuthukisa amakhono aqinile okucabanga okujulile ukuze uzulazule ebunzimeni be-psychology.
Incwadi ka-Stanovich inikeza amasu asebenzayo namathuluzi okuhlola izimangalo ezingokwengqondo nezifundo zocwaningo. Igcizelela isidingo sokubuza imibuzo ecatshangwayo, icabangele ezinye izincazelo, futhi ihlolisise ubufakazi ngaphambi kokwenza iziphetho. Ngokufunda ukucabanga ngokujulile ngocwaningo lwezengqondo, abafundi bangathuthukisa ukuqonda okujulile komkhakha futhi benze izahlulelo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuba semthethweni nokuthembeka kwemiphumela yocwaningo.
Ngaphandle kwamakhono okucabanga okujulile, “Indlela Yokucabanga Ngokuqondile Nge-Psychology” ihlanganisa izindlela ezibalulekile zokucwaninga ezivame ukusetshenziswa ku-psychology. Inikeza ukubuka konke kwedizayini yokuhlola, ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo, nokucatshangelwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha ekwenzeni ucwaningo. Le ncwadi iwumthombo obalulekile wabafundi abafuna ukwakha isisekelo esiqinile endleleni yocwaningo kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhono labo lokuhlola ngokujulile izifundo zocwaningo.
Ithebula: Imiqondo Eyinhloko kokuthi “Indlela Yokucabanga Ngokuqondile NgePsychology”
| Umqondo | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Pseudoscience | Ukuhlonza nokuhlola izimangalo ze-pseudoscientific kupsychology. |
| Idizayini Yokuhlola | Ukuqonda imigomo yedizayini yokuhlola nokulawula. |
| Ukuhlaziywa Kwezibalo | Ukuhumusha imiphumela yezibalo nokuqonda ukubaluleka kwayo. |
| Izimiso Zokuziphatha | Ukuqaphela kanye nokubhekana nokukhathazeka kokuziphatha ocwaningweni lwezengqondo. |
“Indlela Yokucabanga Ngokuqondile NgePsychology” iwukufunda kubalulekile kubafundi besayensi yezengqondo abafuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono okucabanga okujulile kanye nokuqonda okuqinile kwezindlela zocwaningo . Ngokusebenzisa izimiso ezichazwe kule ncwadi, abafundi bangaba abathengi abanolwazi locwaningo lwezengqondo futhi benze iminikelo ephusile kulo mkhakha.”
Izindlela Zomsebenzi KwiPsychology: Lapho Isiqu Sakho Singakuthatha, nguRobert J. Sternberg
Lapho bephishekela iziqu ze-psychology, abafundi bavame ukuzibuza ngezinketho zemisebenzi abazitholayo. I-“Career Paths in Psychology” ka-Robert J. Sternberg inikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile emikhondweni ehlukahlukene abafundi abathweswe iziqu ze-psychology abangayihlola. Isebenza njengesiqondiso esiwusizo kubafundi abacabangela ikusasa labo ensimini.
Le ncwadi inikeza ukuhlola okuphelele kwamathuba emisebenzi kusayensi yezengqondo, kusukela ekululekeni nasekwelashweni kuya ocwaningweni nasezifundweni. Igqamisa izinketho ezihlukahlukene ezitholakalayo futhi inikeza ulwazi ngeziqu ezidingekayo namakhono endlela ngayinye. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi unesithakazelo ekusebenzeni nabantu ngabanye, imibhangqwana, imindeni, noma izinhlangano ezinkulu, le ncwadi iveza inhlobonhlobo yamathuba.
Esinye sezici eziphawulekayo zale ncwadi ukugxila kwayo ezicini ezingokoqobo zokuphishekela izindlela ezihlukahlukene zemisebenzi. Inikeza iseluleko mayelana nokuxhumana, ukuthola ulwazi olusebenzayo, kanye nokuthola amathuba emisebenzi emkhakheni. Lesi siqondiso esisebenzayo sisiza abafundi ukuthi bazulazule ekushintsheni kwezemfundo baye emhlabeni womsebenzi.
| Indlela Yemisebenzi | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| I-Clinical Psychology | Ukusebenza nabantu ukuxilonga nokwelapha ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, imizwa, nokuziphatha. |
| I-Industrial-Organitional Psychology | Ukusebenzisa izimiso zokusebenza kwengqondo ukuze kuthuthukiswe umkhiqizo wendawo yokusebenza, ukwaneliseka kwabasebenzi, nokuziphatha kwenhlangano. |
| IPsychology Yesikole | Ukweseka inhlalakahle yabafundi kwezemfundo kanye nemizwelo ezindaweni zemfundo. |
| I-Forensic Psychology | Ukusebenzisa izimiso zengqondo ezimweni zezomthetho nezobugebengu. |
| Ucwaningo lwePsychology | Ukwenza ucwaningo ukuze kube neqhaza ekuqondeni kwesayensi kokuziphatha komuntu kanye nokuqaphela. |
I-“Career Paths in Psychology” iwumthombo obalulekile wabafundi abahlola izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho zemisebenzi ezitholakala emkhakheni wezengqondo. Ihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile kanye nesiqondiso esisebenzayo sokusiza abafundi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ngekusasa labo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usanda kuqala iziqu zakho ze-psychology noma usuzoqeda, le ncwadi kufanele ifundwe. “
Sekukonke, “Izindlela Zomsebenzi KwiPsychology” ihlomisa abafundi ngolwazi nesiqondiso abasidingayo ukuze bahlole futhi bakhethe umsebenzi ogculisayo kusayikholoji. Isebenza njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sabafundi besayensi yezengqondo kunoma yisiphi isigaba sohambo lwabo lwezemfundo, ibanikeze ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nemisebenzi yabo yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukwakheka Kwezinguquko Zesayensi: I-50th Anniversary Edition, nguThomas Kuhn
Emkhakheni wezengqondo, ukuqonda ifilosofi yesayensi kubalulekile ukuze uthole ukuqonda ekuthuthukisweni kwemibono yezengqondo kanye nokuqhubeka kwesiyalo sisonke. Incwadi eyodwa enethonya ehlola lesi sihloko ithi “Structure of Scientific Revolutions” kaThomas Kuhn. Lolu hlelo lweminyaka engama-50 lunikeza umbono oshukumisa ingqondo ngenqubekelaphambili yesayensi nemithelela yawo kupsychology.
Encwadini yakhe, uKuhn uphonsela inselelo umbono wendabuko wenqubekelaphambili yesayensi njengokuqoqwa kolwazi ngomugqa. Kunalokho, wethula isayensi njengochungechunge lwezinguquko, lapho ama-paradigms amisiwe athathelwa indawo amasha. U-Kuhn uchaza ukuthi ososayensi basebenza kanjani ngaphakathi kwala mapharadigm, akha izindlela zabo zocwaningo kanye nezinhlaka zethiyori. Uphikisa ngokuthi izinguquko zesayensi zenzeka lapho okungaqondakali nokungahambisani ngaphakathi kwepharadigm kungenakuxazululwa futhi kuvela i-paradigm entsha.
Incwadi kaKuhn ibe nomthelela omkhulu kufilosofi yesayensi, ayithonyanga nje kuphela ukusebenza kwengqondo kodwa nezinye iziyalo zesayensi. Iphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile mayelana nemvelo yophenyo lwesayensi kanye nezici zezenhlalo nezamasiko ezinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kolwazi lwesayensi. Ngokuhlolisisa ubunkimbinkimbi bezinguquko zesayensi, u-Kuhn uhlinzeka ngohlaka lokuqonda ukuvela kwemibono yezengqondo kanye nemvelo eguquguqukayo yomkhakha.
Sekukonke, “Isakhiwo Sezinguquko Zesayensi” sinikeza abafundi besayensi yezengqondo ukuqonda okujulile kwefilosofi yesayensi kanye nokuhambisana kwayo ezifundweni zabo. Ikhuthaza ukucabanga okujulile, inselele imibono emisiwe, futhi ikhuthaza umbono obanzi ngenqubekelaphambili yengqondo. Ngokuzibandakanya nemibono kaKuhn, abafundi bangathuthukisa ukuqonda okufingqiwe kakhudlwana kwethiyori nezindlela abahlangabezana nazo kulo lonke uhambo lwabo lokufunda.
Inqubo Yokusebenzelana Nomuntu Ku-Psychotherapy: Imodeli Edidiyelwe, Ushicilelo Lwesikhombisa, ngu-Edward Teyber noFaith Holmes Teyber
Emkhakheni we-psychotherapy, ukuqonda amandla obudlelwano bobelaphi neklayenti kubalulekile ukuze kube nemiphumela eyimpumelelo. I-“Interpersonal Process in Psychotherapy” inikeza ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwalobu budlelwano futhi yethula imodeli ehlanganisayo yokwelapha okuphumelelayo. Ibhalwe u-Edward Teyber kanye no-Faith Holmes Teyber, lolu hlelo lwesikhombisa luhlanganisa imiqondo yomtholampilo, ucwaningo, neziqondiso ezisebenzayo ukuze ziqondise abelaphi ekusebenzeni kwabo.
Le ncwadi ihlola izici ezihlukahlukene zobudlelwane bobelaphi neklayenti , okuhlanganisa uzwela, ukwakha ukwethembana, kanye nomfelandawonye wokwelapha. Igcizelela ukubaluleka kokwenza indawo ephephile nesekelayo lapho amaklayenti ezizwa ezwiwa futhi eqondwa. Ngokugqamisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzelana phakathi kwabantu enqubweni yokwelapha, uTeyber noTeyber banikeza imininingwane ebalulekile kubelaphi abafuna ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo.
“Umelaphi kumele abe namakhono adingekayo ukuze athuthukise futhi alondoloze ubudlelwano obuqinile bezokwelapha obukhuthaza ukukhula nokuphulukisa.”
Kuyo yonke incwadi, ababhali banikeza izibonelo zamacala kanye nama-vignette omtholampilo ukuze babonise ukuthi ukusebenzisana phakathi komelaphi neklayenti kuyithonya kanjani inqubo yokwelapha. Lezi zibonelo zinikeza ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kwemodeli yokuhlanganisa futhi zisize abelaphi baqonde kangcono ubunzima bomsebenzi wabo.
Imiqondo Eyinhloko Ehlolisiswa “Kunqubo Yokusebenzisana Nabantu Ku-Psychotherapy”
- Indima yozwela nokulalela ngenkuthalo ekwakheni ubuhlobo nokwethembana namakhasimende.
- Umthelela wokudluliselwa kanye nokuphikisana nobudlelwano ebudlelwaneni bokwelapha.
- Umfelandawonye wezokwelapha kanye nendima yawo ekukhuthazeni imiphumela emihle.
- Amasu okubhekana nokungazweli nokusebenza ngokusebenzisa izinkinga zokwelapha.
- Amakhono amasiko nokubaluleka kwawo ekuqondeni amaklayenti ahlukahlukene.
Ngokubhekana nale miqondo ebalulekile, “Inqubo Yokusebenzisana Nabantu Kwezengqondo” ihlomisa abelaphi ngolwazi namakhono adingekayo ekwelapheni okuphumelelayo nokushintshashintshayo. Isebenza njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sabafundi kanye nabasebenzi emkhakheni we-psychotherapy.
Ithiyori yokunamathisela ekwenziweni kokusebenza: Ukwelashwa Okugxile Emoyeni (EFT) Ngabanye, Abashadikazi, kanye Nemindeni, ka-Sue Johnson
Ukuqonda Theory Okunamathiselwe
Ithiyori yokunamathisela iyisisekelo sesayense yengqondo ethuthukayo, egqamisa ukubaluleka kwezibopho ezingokomzwelo ezivikelekile phakathi kwabantu. Incwadi kaSue Johnson ethi, “Attachment Theory in Practice,” ihlolisisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela ezisekelwe ekunamathiselwe ekwelapheni. Ngokwelashwa okugxilwe ngokomzwelo (EFT), uJohnson uhlola ukuthi ithiyori yokunamathisela ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano nokukhuthaza ukuphulukiswa.
Ngokugcizelela ebudlelwaneni bobelaphi neklayenti , i-EFT ihlose ukusiza abantu ngabanye, izithandani, kanye nemindeni ukuthi bakhe amabhondi okunamathiselwe avikelekile. Ngokuqonda isitayela somuntu sokunamathela nokuthi siyithonya kanjani imicabango, imizwa, nokuziphatha, abantu bangathola ukusondelana okukhulu ngokomzwelo nokwaneliseka ebudlelwaneni babo. UJohnson unikeza isiqondiso esisebenzayo kanye nezibonelo zamacala ukuze abonise ukusebenza kahle kwe-EFT ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha.
Ukusebenzisa ithiyori yokunamathisela ekwelapheni
Ku-“Attachment Theory in Practice,” u-Sue Johnson unikeza ukuhlola okuphelele kwamasu okwelapha agxile ngokomzwelo . Esebenzisa ithiyori yokunamathisela njengohlaka oluyisiqondiso, uJohnson uchaza ukuthi abelaphi bangasiza kanjani amaklayenti abone futhi aguqule amaphethini angalungile okusebenzelana. Ngokugqugquzela ukufinyeleleka ngokomzwelo, ukuphendula, nokuzibandakanya, i-EFT yenza abantu ngabanye nemibhangqwana bakhe ubudlelwano obuqinile nobanelisayo.
Le ncwadi ihlanganisa izihloko eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuhlonza amanxeba okunamathiselwe, ukulungisa ukuphuka kobudlelwano, nokukhuthaza amabhondi okunamathiselwe avikelekile. Indlela kaJohnson igcizelela amandla okuxhumana ngokomzwelo ekukhuthazeni ukuphulukiswa nokuguqulwa. Ngamasu e-EFT, abelaphi bangakwazi ukusekela amaklayenti abo ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwano obunempilo kanye nokufeza ushintsho oluhlala isikhathi eside.
Okubalulekile Okuthathwayo kanye Nezicelo Zomtholampilo
I-“Attachment Theory in Practice” iyinsiza ebalulekile yabelaphi nabafundi besayikholoji abanentshisekelo yokuqonda ukuguquguquka kobudlelwano nokusebenzisa ithiyori yokunamathisela kuzilungiselelo zomtholampilo. Izibonelo ezibalulekile ezivela encwadini zihlanganisa:
- Amasu e-EFT okukhuthaza ukuxhumana ngokomzwelo nokuphulukisa amanxeba obudlelwane
- Imininingwane yendima yezitayela zokunamathisela ekubumbeni ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye nokuhlobene
- Izibonelo zezibonelo ezibonisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-EFT kubantu ngabanye, izithandani, nemindeni
- Ukubaluleka kwamabhondi okunamathiselwe avikelekile ekukhuthazeni inhlalakahle nokwaneliseka
Ngokuhlanganisa izimiso zethiyori yokunamathiselwe kumkhuba wokwelapha, abelaphi bangasiza amaklayenti akhe ubudlelwano obuvikeleke kakhulu nobanelisayo. I-“Attachment Theory in Practice” ihlomisa abafundi ngamathuluzi nokuqonda okudingekayo ukuze basebenzise ukwelashwa okugxilwe ngokomzwelo futhi balethe ushintsho oluhle ezimpilweni zamaklayenti abo.
Isipho Sokwelapha: Incwadi Evulekile Eya Esizukulwaneni Esisha Sabelaphi Neziguli Zabo
Encwadini ethi “The Gift of Therapy” ka-Irvin D. Yalom, abafundi baphathwa ngokuhlola okusuka enhliziyweni nokunokuqonda komhlaba wezokwelapha. U-Yalom, udokotela wengqondo nodokotela wengqondo owaziwayo, wabelana ngobuhlakani bakhe nolwazi lwakhe ngendlela yencwadi evulelekile eya kwabafuna ukulapha kanye neziguli zabo. Ngochungechunge lwezindatshana, unikeza isiqondiso esibalulekile kanye nokuzindla ngenqubo yokwelapha, enikeza umbono oyingqayizivele ngobuciko bokuphulukisa.
I-Yalom igqamisa ukubaluleka kobudlelwano bokwelapha, igcizelela amandla ozwela, ukwamukela, nokuxhumana kwangempela. Ukhuthaza abelaphi ukuthi babe khona ngokugcwele ezigulini zabo futhi bahlakulele umuzwa wobuqiniso emsebenzini wabo. Ngama-anecdotes omuntu siqu kanye nezifundo eziyisibonelo, i-Yalom ikhombisa amandla okuguqula ezokwelapha kanye nomthelela omkhulu engaba nawo kubantu abafuna ukwesekwa nokukhula.
Le ncwadi icubungula izindlela zokwelapha ezahlukahlukene, inikezela ngemininingwane esebenzayo engazuzisa abelaphi abasha nabangomakadebona. I-Yalom ihlola izihloko ezifana nokuzidalula, ukuzicabangela, kanye nebhalansi ethambile phakathi kokunikeza isiqondiso nokukhuthaza ukuzimela. Ukubhala kwakhe kuyaheha futhi kuyafinyeleleka, okwenza imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi ifinyeleleke kubafundi abavela kuzo zonke izizinda.
Okubalulekile Okuthathwayo kokuthi “Isipho Sokwelapha”
- Igcizelela ukubaluleka kobudlelwane bokwelapha kanye namandla okuxhumana.
- Ikhuthaza abelaphi ukuthi bahlakulele ubuqiniso nozwela ekusebenzeni kwabo.
- Ihlola izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukene, ihlinzeka ngemininingwane esebenzayo yabelaphi.
- Wabelana ngama-anecdotes womuntu siqu kanye nezifundo eziyizimo ukuze abonise amandla okuguqula okwelapha.
“Isipho Sokwelapha” kufanele sifundwe kunoma ubani onentshisekelo emkhakheni wezokwelapha, kungaba njengomfundi, udokotela, noma umuntu ofuna ukukhula komuntu siqu. Amazwi ka-Yalom anobubele nahlakaniphile asebenza njengesiqondiso, enikeza ugqozi nezeluleko ezisebenzayo kunoma ubani oqala uhambo lokwelapha.
| Isihloko Sencwadi | Umbhali | Izindikimba ezibalulekile |
|---|---|---|
| Isipho Sokwelapha : Incwadi Evulekile Eya Esizukulwaneni Esisha Sabelaphi Neziguli Zabo | U-Irvin D. Yalom | Ubudlelwano bokwelapha, uzwela, ubuqiniso, amasu okwelapha |
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha , lezi zincwadi eziyisishiyagalombili zinikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kanye nemibono yabafundi besayensi yezengqondo. Noma ngabe uyasaqala noma ufuna ukwandisa ulwazi lwakho, lezi zincwadi zihlanganisa izihloko eziningi kulo mkhakha. Kusukela ku-clinical neurology kuya ku-positive psychology, banikeza isiqondiso esisebenzayo futhi bahlole amathiyori abalulekile.
Ngokuhlolisisa ubunkimbinkimbi bezinkinga zemizwa, “Ukufinyelela Phansi Kwembobo Yomvundla” kaDkt. Allan H. Ropper kanye noBrian David Burrell inikeza umbono oyingqayizivele ku-neurology yomtholampilo. Khonamanjalo, “I-Happiness Hypothesis” ka-Jonathan Haidt ihlanganisa ifilosofi nesayikholoji ukunikeza indlela entsha yokuzuza injabulo ehlala njalo.
Uma umusha esihlokweni, “I-Little Book of Psychology” ka-Emily Ralls kanye noCaroline Riggs isebenza njengesingeniso esibanzi, esihlanganisa imibono eyinhloko kanye nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezidumile. Ukuze uthole ukubukeka okukhangayo komlando wesayensi yokusebenza kwengqondo, “Amaphayona Ezengqondo” kaRaymond E. Fancher no-Alexandra Rutherford ihlola iminikelo nezingxabano ezilolonge umkhakha.
Lezi zincwadi, kanye nezinye ezishiwo, ziyizinsiza ezinconywe kakhulu ezizothuthukisa ukuqonda kwakho kwengqondo futhi zisekele uhambo lwakho lwezemfundo nobuchwepheshe.
FAQ
Ingabe lezi zincwadi zifanele abafundi bezengqondo?
Yebo, lezi zincwadi zinconywa kakhulu kubafundi besayensi yezengqondo njengoba zihlanganisa uchungechunge lwezihloko ezibalulekile kulo mkhakha.
Yiziphi izici ze-psychology lezi zincwadi ezihlanganisayo?
Lezi zincwadi zihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo ezihlanganisa i-neurology yomtholampilo, i-psychology enhle, amathiyori angokwengqondo, nomlando wokusebenza kwengqondo.
Ingabe lezi zincwadi zinconywa ochwepheshe?
Yebo, lezi zincwadi ziza zinconywe kakhulu yibo bobabili ochwepheshe nabafundi emkhakheni wezengqondo.
Ingabe lezi zincwadi zingaba usizo kwabafisa ukuba ochwepheshe bezengqondo?
Impela, lezi zincwadi zinikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile nolwazi kwabafisa ukuba ochwepheshe bezengqondo abafuna ukwandisa ukuqonda kwabo lo mkhakha.
Ingabe lezi zincwadi zifanele abaqalayo ku-psychology?
Yebo, ezinye zalezi zincwadi, njengethi “The Little Book of Psychology,” zisebenza njengezingeniso eziphelele zendaba, zizenze zifanelekele abaqalayo.
Ingabe lezi zincwadi zinikeza isiqondiso esiwusizo?
Yebo, eziningi zalezi zincwadi zinikeza isiqondiso esisebenzayo kanye nemininingwane engasetshenziswa ezilungiselelweni zezemfundo nezomsebenzi wokufunda kwengqondo.
Ingabe lezi zincwadi zigxile ezinkingeni ezithile ezingokwengqondo?
Ezinye zalezi zincwadi, njengokuthi “Ukufinyelela Phansi Emgodini Wonogwaja” kanye nethi “Indoda Eyaphutha Umfazi Wayo Ngesigqoko,” zihlola izinkinga ezithile zemizwa nengqondo, zinikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ngalezi zihloko.
Ingabe lezi zincwadi zifanele abafundi abathanda ukwelapha?
Yebo, kukhona izincwadi kulolu hlu ezigxile ekwelapheni, njengokuthi “Isipho Sokwelapha” kanye “Nenqubo Yokusebenzisana Nabantu Kwezengqondo,” ezihlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile kubafundi abanentshisekelo yokuphishekela umsebenzi wokwelapha.
Ingabe lezi zincwadi zihlanganisa umlando wokusebenza kwengqondo?
Yebo, kukhona izincwadi kulolu hlu, njenge “Pioneers of Psychology,” ezinikeza ukubuka okuphelele emlandweni wesayensi yengqondo kanye nezibalo ezinethonya emkhakheni.
